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h2. Presentation

several projects with mail servers

request of certain stability, needed documentation

free software user, activist and contributor

idea is to produce a complete test environment with vms on a single machine

CC-NC-SA

h2. Requirements

to follow you need some linux admin skills:

* basic shell (bash)

* at least basic knowledge of debian package system (install & setup packages with apt-get, manage services)

* able to setup ssh public key authentication

* i don't like nano, feel free to use it - or another editor - instead of vi

h3. Host system

* debian

* qemu-kvm

* bind

This howto uses

 # cat /etc/debian_version 

 wheezy/sid

 # uname -a

 Linux master 3.1.0-1-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Dec 11 20:36:41 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux

h3. Mail Server VMs

* debian

* debian packages for the different software

 root@mail1:~# echo "mail1" > /etc/hostname

 root@mail1:~# apt-get install inotify-tools rsync openssh-server pgpool  javascript-common apache2 libapache2-mod-php5  roundcube postgresql postfix postfix-pgsql mailman roundcube-pgsql libc-client2007e mlock php5-imap postgrey courier-authlib-postgresql sasl2-bin courier-authdaemon  libsasl2-modules-sql courier-imap-ssl --no-install-recommends 

* use default options for roundcube, courier & mailman  for now

** ident authentication

** dbconfig

** pgsql as database choice

** mailman language as you prefer

* install postfixadmin :

 root@mail1:~# lynx 'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/postfixadmin/postfixadmin/postfixadmin-2.3.4/postfixadmin_2.3.4_all.deb'

* use default options for now

* just as of personal habit, some tools i use 

 root@mail1:~# apt-get install lynx less mc vim

 root@mail1:~# cat /etc/debian_version 

 wheezy/sid

 root@mail1:~# uname -a

 Linux mail1.test 3.1.0-1-amd64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 10 05:01:58 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux

 root@mail2:~# cat /etc/debian_version 

 wheezy/sid

 root@mail2:~# uname -a

 Linux mail2 3.1.0-1-amd64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 23 16:37:11 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@mail2:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces 

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface

auto lo

iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface

allow-hotplug eth0

iface eth0 inet static

        address 192.168.122.3

        netmask 255.255.255.0

        network 192.168.122.0

        broadcast 192.168.122.255

        gateway 192.168.122.1

h2. dns setup on host

root@quadebian:/etc/bind# cat  db.192.168.122

;

; BIND reverse data file for test

;

$TTL	604800

@	IN	SOA	master.test. root.master.test. (

			      1		; Serial

			 604800		; Refresh

			  86400		; Retry

			2419200		; Expire

			 604800 )	; Negative Cache TTL

;

@	IN	NS	master.test.

1	IN	PTR	master.test.

2	IN	PTR	mail1.test.

3	IN	PTR	mail2.test.

root@quadebian:/etc/bind# cat  db.test 

;

; BIND data file for test

;

$TTL	604800

@	IN	SOA	master.test. info.master.test. (

			      2		; Serial

			 604800		; Refresh

			  86400		; Retry

			2419200		; Expire

			 604800 )	; Negative Cache TTL

;

@	IN	NS	master.test.

test.	IN	MX	10	mail1.test.

test.	IN	MX	20	mail2.test.

master	IN	A	192.168.122.1

mail1	IN	A	192.168.122.2

mail2	IN	A	192.168.122.3

root@quadebian:/etc/bind# named-checkzone test db.test 

zone test/IN: loaded serial 2

OK

* pass kvm dns server in forward mode on host node (default net config)

root@quadebian:/etc/bind# virsh 

Welcome to virsh, the virtualization interactive terminal.

Type:  'help' for help with commands

       'quit' to quit

virsh # net-dumpxml default

<network>

  <name>default</name>

  <uuid>0529cc34-c2ad-9663-0f42-5b338b14a6e4</uuid>

  <forward mode='nat'/>

  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0' />

  <mac address='52:54:00:37:85:D8'/>

  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>

    <dhcp>

      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254' />

    </dhcp>

  </ip>

</network>

h3. vm dns config

* change requires to reaffect NICs via virt-manager

** remove nic (and /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules - it keeps track of different nics on the system, avoids getting eth2/3/4...)

** create new nic on default network

** reboot vm

** test connectivity & bind (set nameserver to 192.168.122.1 in /etc/resolv.conf)

h3. tests to do

* open http://mail1.test/roundcube & http://mail1.test/postfixadmin in a browser

** roundcube -> 404

** postfixadmin -> ok

* dns

root@quadebian:/etc/bind# dig mx test

; <<>> DiG 9.7.3 <<>> mx test

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 26405

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 3

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;test.				IN	MX

;; ANSWER SECTION:

test.			604800	IN	MX	20 mail2.test.

test.			604800	IN	MX	10 mail1.test.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

test.			604800	IN	NS	master.test.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

mail1.test.		604800	IN	A	192.168.122.2

mail2.test.		604800	IN	A	192.168.122.3

master.test.		604800	IN	A	192.168.122.1

;; Query time: 2 msec

;; SERVER: 10.11.12.126#53(10.11.12.126)

;; WHEN: Tue Jan 24 09:55:25 2012

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 135

h2. Server configuration

h3. postfix 

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# mv main.cf main.cf.debian

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# vi  main.cf 

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# mkdir pgsql

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# vi pgsql/virtual_alias_maps.cf

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# vi pgsql/virtual_domain_maps.cf

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# vi pgsql/relay_domains.cf

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# vi pgsql/virtual_mailbox_limits.cf

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# vi pgsql/virtual_mailbox_maps.cf 

root@mail2:/etc/courier# vi /etc/mailname 

root@mail2:/etc/courier# cat /etc/postfix/transport

lists.test mailman:

root@mail2:/etc/courier# postmap  /etc/postfix/transport

root@mail2:/etc/postfix# scp -r . mail1.test:/etc/postfix/

root@mail1:/etc/postfix# vi  main.cf 

# change following line : 

mydestination = test,mail1.test,localhost.test, localhost

h3. saslauthd 

* change /etc/default/saslauthd

 START=yes

 MECHANISMS="rimap"

 OPTIONS="-c -r -O localhost -m /var/run/saslauthd"

h3. postfixadmin

*Only on mail1* : mail2 will be synced through logshipping/PITR ;)

* open 

http://mail1.test/postfixadmin/setup.php

* set password and replace specified line in /etc/postfixadmin/config.inc.php :

 $CONF['setup_password'] = 'changeme';

* create superadmin account using a local or valid email address (if you have internet access)

* modify /usr/share/postfixadmin/functions.inc.php

** this is in order to allow local domains, e.g. @.test@

_lignes 232++_

<pre>

    if (!preg_match ('/^([-0-9A-Z]+\.)+' . '([0-9A-Z]){2,6}$/i', ($domain)))

    {

    if (!preg_match ('/^([-0-9A-Z]){3,16}$/i', ($domain)))

        {

        flash_error(sprintf($PALANG['pInvalidDomainRegex'], htmlentities($domain)));

        return false;

        }

    }

</pre>

h3. courier

root@mail1:/etc/courier# vi authdaemonrc 

root@mail2:/etc/courier# mv authpgsqlrc authpgsqlrc.debian

root@mail2:/etc/courier# vi authpgsqlrc

root@mail2:/etc/courier# mv imapd imapd.debian

root@mail2:/etc/courier# vi  imapd 

root@mail2:/etc/courier# mv imapd-ssl imapd-ssl.debian

root@mail2:/etc/courier# vi  imapd-ssl 

h3. roundcube

* activate webapp

** uncomment two alias directives inside /etc/apache2/conf.d/roundcube

** adapt config : 

 $rcmail_config['default_host'] = 'localhost';

 $rcmail_config['smtp_server'] = 'localhost';

* /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

h3. ssh

* generate pair of keys on mail1 & mail2

# su mail

$ bash

mail@mail2:/etc/postfix$ ssh-keygen 

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/var/mail/.ssh/id_rsa): 

Created directory '/var/mail/.ssh'.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 

Enter same passphrase again: 

Your identification has been saved in /var/mail/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /var/mail/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

b9:bf:63:05:c0:9f:4f:07:82:d9:fd:79:99:cf:20:20 mail@mail2

The key's randomart image is:

+--[ RSA 2048]----+

|       . + .     |

|        E + o    |

|         + + o .o|

|         .+ o =o.|

|        S  + o +.|

|         .  o   o|

|        .  .     |

|         .o      |

|         .oo     |

+-----------------+

* add mail1's public key to mail1's authorized keys 

 mail@mail1:/$ cp /var/mail/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /var/mail/.ssh/authorized_keys

* add mail1's public key to mail2's authorized keys 

 mail@mail2:/$ vi /var/mail/.ssh/authorized_keys

 mail@mail2:/$ chmod 0600 /var/mail/.ssh/authorized_keys

* test connection

mail@mail1:/etc/courier$ ssh mail2.test

The authenticity of host 'mail2.test (192.168.122.3)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is cb:a6:dd:64:03:ba:45:61:a3:b8:14:3a:05:89:ab:b3.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added 'mail2.test,192.168.122.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

Linux mail2 3.1.0-1-amd64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 23 16:37:11 UTC 2011 x86_64

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;

the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the

individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent

permitted by applicable law.

$ hostname

mail2

$ logout

h3. inotify/rsync

# gen ssh key for user @mail@ on mail1 & copy public key to mail2

* create sync script 

mail@mail1:/etc/courier$ vi ~/sync.sh

<pre>

#!/bin/sh

BASEDIR="$1"

REMOTE_HOST="$2"

RSYNC_OPTIONS="-rtlavz -e ssh --delete"

# Initial sync

rsync ${RSYNC_OPTIONS} ${BASEDIR}/ ${REMOTE_HOST}:${BASEDIR}

# Wait for events to trigger rsync

inotifywait --format '%w' -e close_write -e move -e create -e delete -qmr $BASEDIR | while read EVENT_DIR

do

  # Fork off rsync proc to do sync

rsync  ${RSYNC_OPTIONS} ${EVENT_DIR} ${REMOTE_HOST}:${EVENT_DIR} &

done

</pre>

root@mail1:/etc/courier# mkdir /var/log/mail

root@mail1:/etc/courier# chown mail:mail  /var/log/mail

root@mail1:/etc/courier# vi   /etc/rc.local 

## ajout de la ligne : 

 su mail -l  -c " nohup sh ~/sync.sh /var/mail/ mail2.test  2>&1 >> /var/log/mail/sync.log &" 

root@mail1:/etc/courier# sh  /etc/rc.local 

nohup: ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout

root@mail1:/etc/courier# su mail

mail@mail1:/etc/courier$ chmod 0700 ~/sync.sh

h3. postgresql PITR

# gen ssh key for user @postgres@ on mail1 & copy public key to mail2

http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/continuous-archiving.html

http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Warm_Standby

* stop postresql on mail2.test

* do a full sync of the database

# su postgres

$ rsync -a /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main/ postgres@mail2.test://var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main/

on mail1 : 

archive_command = 'rsync -a /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main/%p postgres@mail2.test://var/lib/postgresql/9.1/wal/pg_xlog/%f'

* restart postgresql

on mail2 : 

root@mail2:~# mkdir /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/wal

root@mail2:~# chown postgres:postgres  /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/wal

root@mail2:/var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main# vi recovery.conf

restore_command = 'cp /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/wal/pg_xlog/%f "%p"'

* on first startup, 

* recovery.conf will be renamed to recovery.done after recovery

** rename recovery.done to recovery.conf and restart postgresql to sync with latest logs from master.

h2. putting pieces together

* recover postfixadmin on mail1 password from  @/etc/postfixadmin/config.inc.php@ :

 $CONF['database_password'] = 'GENERATED PASSWORD';

* apply it to @/etc/postfixadmin/config.inc.php@ on mail2

* apply it to the different files (mail1 & mail2):

 for i in /etc/postfix/pgsql/virtual_alias_maps.cf /etc/postfix/pgsql/virtual_domain_maps.cf /etc/postfix/pgsql/relay_domains.cf /etc/postfix/pgsql/virtual_mailbox_limits.cf /etc/postfix/pgsql/virtual_mailbox_maps.cf ; do   sed -i "s/PASSWORD/GENERATED PASSWORD/"  $i ;  done

 vi  /etc/courier/authpgsqlrc

* restart courier authdaemon : 

 /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon restart

* create account via postfixadmin 

** login to http://mail1.test/postfixadmin/login.php

** add domain (Domain list -> new domain)

*** domain name : "test"

** add mailbox (Virtual list -> add mailbox)

* verify domain & mailbox creation

* send testmail in commandline on master (apt-get install bsd-mailx)

* verify replication of maildir on mail2

* roundcube

** connect on http://mail1.test/roundcube with test@test

** send test mail to outside (may be rejected/filtered as spam since "test" emaildomain isn't valid, should work with a public MX DNS entry)

h3. vacation/responder

root@mail1:~# apt-get install git-core  --no-install-recommends  

root@mail1:~# cd /usr/share/roundcube/plugins/ && git clone https://github.com/bhuisgen/rc-vacation.git vacation

root@mail1:/usr/share/roundcube/plugins# mkdir /etc/roundcube/plugins/vacation

root@mail1:/usr/share/roundcube/plugins# ln -s /usr/share/roundcube/plugins/vacation/config.inc.php /etc/roundcube/plugins/vacation/

root@mail1:/usr/share/roundcube/plugins# cd vacation/

root@mail1:/usr/share/roundcube/plugins/vacation# cp config.inc.php.dist config.inc.php

root@mail1:/usr/share/roundcube/plugins/vacation# vi config.inc.php

root@mail1:/usr/share/roundcube/plugins/vacation# ln -s /usr/share/roundcube/plugins/vacation/ /var/lib/roundcube/plugins/

* edit /etc/roundcube/main.inc.php

$rcmail_config['vacation_sql_dsn'] =

        'pgsql://postfixadmin:PASSWORD@localhost/postfixadmin';

* test in roundcube settings, you should have a new tab "vacation/répondeur"

h2. failover

* in case of a failover of mail1, mail2 should be available to receive mails and provide access to all the mails that were on mail1

** when mail1 comes back up online, it needs to synchronize with mail2 before 

* in case of a failover of mail2, mail1 should not be impacted

h2. References

http://chiliproject.tetaneutral.net/projects/tetaneutral/wiki/Serveur_Mail_tetalab

http://www.kutukupret.com/2011/06/28/postfix-one-way-maildir-replication-backup-using-inotify-and-rsync/

http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/interactive/continuous-archiving.html